The Great Depression (1929–1939) was the most severe economic crisis of the 20th century. It began in the United States after the dramatic stock market crash of October 1929, when panic selling caused share prices to collapse and erased billions of dollars in wealth. During the 1920s, many investors had bought stocks on credit, creating an unstable financial bubble. When confidence disappeared, banks failed, businesses closed, and credit dried up. Because the U.S. economy was closely connected to global trade and finance, the crisis quickly spread to Europe and other regions, reducing international trade and worsening economic decline worldwide. The effects were devastating. In the United States, unemployment rose to about 25%, leaving millions without income, homes, or savings. Factories shut down due to weak consumer demand, farmers suffered from falling prices and environmental disasters like the Dust Bowl, and poverty be...
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